Among the complications associated with cancer, we can find a wide variety of neurological symptoms, which can be derived directly from cancer, such as a brain metastasis or can be caused by non-metastatic diseases, such as autoimmune paraneoplastic encephalitis (link to autoimmune encephalopathies), ischemic infections or strokes caused by hypercoagulability. Neurological complications can also be derived from cancer treatments, such as immune-check point inhibitors (ICPI) or CAR-T cells, innovative therapies used in refractory tumors.

These new treatments have a high rate of neurological complications due to toxicity. In the case of ICPI, the clinical spectrum of symptoms is wide, including headache, encephalopathy, meningitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, other peripheral polyneuropathies or myasthenic syndromes. In many cases, its treatment is based on corticotherapy. In the case of CAR-T cells, neurotoxicity is a common complication and is characterized by the appearance of a syndrome consisting of confusion, language disorder, delirium, epileptic seizures, alterations in the level of consciousness and cerebral edema. Its treatment is based on corticosteroids, antiepileptic drugs, therapies aimed at interleukin-6 and life support with admission to intensive care units early.